Sameh hussein biography of barack obama

  • His speech was very emotional, but we cannot simply judge his words; we have to wait and see the actions and evaluate the results.
  • This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages.
  • This Working Paper Series is edited by the Center for Middle Eastern and North African Politics at the Freie Universität Berlin.

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    Turkey’s Reconciliation Efforts in the Middle East

  • Since 2021, Turkey embarked on a Middle East reconciliation initiative involving Syria, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This initiative responds partly to evolving regional dynamics and Turkey’s specific challenges, such as its protracted economic crisis and regional isolation.

  • These reconciliation initiatives are not a single package. Although they are part of a broader process of regional reconciliation and thus interrelated, Turkey’s reconciliation with each individual country has its own unique dynamics. Each case has its own drivers, strengths, and obstacles, resulting in a bred range of outcomes at the conclusion of the reconcilia­tion initiatives.

  • With Syria, reconciliation has remained at the level of diminished hostil­ities (détente), while with Egypt it has reached the level of full diplomatic normalisation of relations. Reconciliation with the UAE has g

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    “President Obama’s Cairo speech was unprecedented in a number of ways. Firstly, it sought to establish common ground with Muslims by stressing that human rights and democracy, for example, are shared universal concerns and that there are strong historical links between the West and the Islamic world. His carefully crafted speech avoided the polarizing language of the Bush administration – no us vs. them. Secondly, and this is highly significant, Obama stressed that differences that exist are based on concrete political issues, not on fundamental differences in values and world-view. Thirdly, I personally was träffad by the note of humility and spirit of conciliation that characterized the speech. We all know the very real constraints placed on American presidents when it comes to addressing the Israeli-Palestinian issue. Obama’s acknowledgment that American foreign policy has been misguided in the past in shoring up dictatorships in the Middle East, which has contributed to the cur

  • sameh hussein biography of barack obama

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    Hosni Mubarak

    President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011

    "Mubarak" redirects here. For other uses, see Mubarak (disambiguation).

    Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak[a] (Arabic: محمد حسني السيد مبارك‎; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.

    Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force. He served as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rose to the rank of air chief marshal in 1973.[2] In 1975, he was appointed vice president by President Anwar Sadat and assumed the presidency after his assassination in 1981. Mubarak's presidency lasted almost thirty years, making him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha, who ruled the country for 43 years from 1805 to 1848.[3]

    Less than two weeks after the assassination of President Sadat, Mubarak quickly assumed the presidency in the single-candidate 1981 refe