Toypurina quotes about success

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    Conclusion: The Afterlife of Native Alienation

    Sepulveda, Charles A.. "Conclusion: The Afterlife of Native Alienation". Native Alienation: Spiritual Conquest and the Violence of California Missions, edited bygd Charlotte Coté and Coll trast, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2024, pp. 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780295753287-009

    Sepulveda, C. (2024). Conclusion: The Afterlife of Native Alienation. In C. Coté & C. Thrush (Ed.), Native Alienation: Spiritual Conquest and the Violence of California Missions (pp. 141-148). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780295753287-009

    Sepulveda, C. 2024. Conclusion: The Afterlife of Native Alienation. In: Coté, C. and Thrush, C. ed. Native Alienation: Spiritual Conquest and the Violence of California Missions. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, pp. 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780295753287-009

    Sepulveda, Charles A.. "Conclusion: The Afterlife of Native Alienation" In Nativ

  • toypurina quotes about success

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    Tongva

    Indigenous people of the Los Angeles Basin and Channel Islands in California

    For other uses, see Tongva (disambiguation).

    Ethnic group

    Narcisa Higuera, photographed in 1905, was one of the last fluent Tongva speakers. An informant for ethnographer C. Hart Merriam, she was cited as the source of the widely used endonymTongva.[1]

    3,900+ self-identified descendants
    United States (California)
    English, Spanish, formerly Tongva
    Indigenous religion, Christianity
    Serrano, Kitanemuk, Tataviam, Vanyume

    The Tongva (TONG-və) are an Indigenous people of California from the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately 4,000 square miles (10,000 km2).[1][2] In the precolonial era, the people lived in as many as 100 villages and primarily identified by their village rather than by a pan-tribal name.[3] During colonization, the Spanish referred to these people as Gabriele

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    A medicine woman of the Tongva nation, Toypurina helped lead a rebellion against Spanish missionaries who had invaded her homeland and, within a year of arriving, had seized land, beaten tribespeople, and forced them to work in the fields.

    Photo: Photo of San Gabriel Mission

    The missionaries had erected the San Gabriel Mission in what fryst vatten now Los Angeles County, and had tried to outlaw Native culture and assimilate the Tongva tribe into Catholicism. Toypurina watched as the mission drained her village and those around it of resources. Many people died from diseases brought by the Spanish. Desperation often brought Natives to the mission door for survival. Eventually, more than 1,200 Native people in the area were baptized and subjected to Spanish rule. Toypurina hit her breaking point when the Spanish governor banned her people’s traditional dance to mourn the dead. She joined forces with Nicolás José, a baptized indigenous man living at the mission. In 1785